indopak history and relation Essays

indopak history and relation Essays indopak history and relation Essay indopak history and relation Essay indopak history and relation BY 122 PAK INDIA relations intro historical background current situation indo pak relations always remain hostile. from day one india is against pak existance. there were three major wars 1964,1971 , 1999. the continuity of hostile relation can be attributed to kashmir problem which is still unresolved. ln 1999 Nawaz sharif started dailouge with india but due to kargil war whole process was ruined. again in 2004 efforts were made to sort out problems and to devise a mechanism to resolve the problems a composite dailouge was started. hich include peace security (CBM) saichin sir creek ooler barrage terrorism drug trafficking but again due to mumbai attacks the process halted until 2011 . this time emphasis was laid on trade. ln 2013 the process was against perturbed by skirmishes on LOC until Nawaz Singh meeting in newyork where it was decided to convey meetings of DGMOs to resolve the hostile sitution and again move towards better ties. HISTORY : Here is a look at some highs and lows in relations between India and Pakistan. 1947 † The British Empire in the subcontinent is divided into two countries: India and Pakistan. The unexpected Partition and lack of proper arrangements for one of the reatest migrations of modern history led to skirmishes and bloodshed on both sides of the divide. 1947/48 † India and Pakistan go to war over Kashmir. The war ends with a I-IN-ordered ceasefire and resolution seeking a plebiscite for the people of Jammu and Kashmir to decide whether to become part of India or Pakistan. 1965 † India and Pakistan fight their second war over Kashmir. Fighting ends after the United Nations calls for a ceasefire. 966†Tashkand accord signed by Indias prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri (who died the next day) and Pakistans president Ayub Khan, ending the 17-day war between Pakistan and India the parties agreed to withdraw all armed forces to positions held before Aug. 5, 1965; to restore diplomatic relations; and to discuss economic, refugee, and other questions. The agreement was criticized in India because it did not contain a no-war pact or any renunciation of guerr illa aggression in Kashmir. 1971 † A rebellion in East Pakistan and alleged interference from the Indian side lead the two countries to war for a third time. East Pakistan becomes independent Bangladesh. 1972 † Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfkar Ali Bhutto and Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi sign agreement in Indian town of Simla over principles meant to govern relations. Both countries decided to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations (2)Kashmir dispute is a bilateral issue and must be settled through bilateral negotiations (3)all always respect each others national unity, territorial integrity, political independence and 1989 † Separatist revolt starts in Indian-administered Kashmir. India accuses Pakistan of arming and sending militants into the region, which Pakistan denies. 1998 † India carries out nuclear tests. Pakistan responds with its own tests. February 1999 † Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee holds summit with Pakistani counterpart Nawaz Sharif in Lahore. known as BUS DIPLOMACY 1999 † India and Pakistan wage brief conflict in the mountains above Kargil on the Line of Control, the ceasefire line dividing Jammu and Kashmir. July 2001 † Summit between Pakistani leader General Pervez Musharraf and Vajpayee in Agra in India ends in failure. December 2001 † Militants attack Indian parliament. India blames Pakistan-based militants Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammad of launching attack. Tensions rise as one million troops are mobilised on either side of the border; war only averted months later in June 2002. 2003 † Pakistan, India agree ceasefire on the Line of Control. 2004 † The two countries launch a formal peace process. ( COMPOSITE DAILOUGE) November 2008 † Ten gunmen launch three days of multiple attacks in Mumbai, killing 166. India again blames Pakistan-based militants and snaps talks with Pakistan. June 2009 † Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari meet on the sidelines of an international gathering in Russia. Singh tells Zardari he wants him to ensure militants cannot operate from Pakistan. March Singh invites Pakistani Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani to watch a historic 2011 † World Cup cricket match between the two sides and discuss reviving peace process. India beat Pakistan in the match. CRlCKET DIPLOMACY May 2011 † Indian and Pakistani troops exchange cross-border fire after an Indian soldier is killed by Pakistani troops in Kashmir. After talks, India and Pakistan break no ice on how to demilitarise the no-mans land above the Siachen glacier. November 2011 † Pakistan ecides to grant India Most Favoured Nation trade status. Singh and Gilani promise a new chapter in their history after discussions in the Maldives. 2011 † Pakistan takes further steps toward normal trade and travel ties with India, agreeing to open most commerce by February 2012 and ease visa rules. January 2013 † India accuses a group of Pakistani soldiers of barbaric and inhuman behaviour after two Indian soldiers are killed in a firefight in Kashmir and their bodies mutilated. Pakistan denies involvement. Peace talks stall and Indian Prime Minister Singh says there can be no business as usual. CURRENT RELATIONS TRADE RELATIONS in 1947 pakistan 70% trade was with india. in 1952 oak export to india was $113 million where as india exported $. 03million. balance of trade was in pakistan favour till 1965. from 1965 to 1975 there was no trade. After reopening of trade b/w pak india except first threee year again BOT was in pakistan favour in 1993 india changed its policy from socialist to capitalist mode and BOT was in favour of india in 1996 the ratio was 1:2 after india granted MFN status to Pakistan. In 2011 it rose to 1 granting MFN . The previous government of the Pakistan Peoples Party ad announced in early 2012 to grant MFN status to India by the end of that year. But it didnt follow through on its decision because of impending elections and pressure from certain industrial and farm lobbies. Indias failure to remove non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to ease the flow of Pakistani goods into its territory was also a major reason for Islamabads reluctance to grant MFN status for its next door neighbour. The Agreement (Safta) with zero tariff rates in 2016. The negative list was also to be phased out by the end of last year, but was delayed because of Indias refusal to emove NTBs to ease the concerns of Pakistani manufacturers of automobile and auto parts, pharmaceuticals, etc. The two-way trade volume has increased to about $2 billion in 2011-12, from $835 million in 2004-05. The size of trade held through third countries is estimated to be many times greater than that done through official channels. Some estimates suggest that bilateral trade could reach $10 billion in a few years, if business relations normalise between the two nations. KASHMIR covered in detaial WATER DISPUTE: covered detailed SIR CREEK Sir Creek is a 96 km marshy strip in the Rann of Kutch area lying between he southern tips of Pakistans Sindh province and Indian state of Gujarat, opening in the Arabian Sea. The dispute is related to the Rann of Kutch. During independence, Pakistan inherited the control of the whole of northern Rann of Kutch, but India occupied a part of it in 1956 . The 1914 resolution that awarded the whole of Sir Creek to Sindh, which in 1947 Joined Pakistan while Gujarat opted for India, should have been respected. The matter would have been amicably resolved, but two developments changed the Indian stance: firstly, the prospect of oil and gas being ound in the Sir Creek area and secondly, the advent of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of Seas (UNCLOS) to which both Pakistan and India became signatories. The consequent Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) granted Pakistan and India rights under the convention over the sea resources up to 200 nautical miles in the water column and up to 300 nautical miles in the land beneath the column. Of all bilateral disputes between Pakistan and India, Sir Creek has the simplest solution and can be resolved as a confidence building measure (CBM), paving the way to settle the more complex ones. Political will is required. n 2011 and 2012 meetings were held in Islamabad and delhi and substantial development was seen but due to unfavoured ties it didnot proceded futher SAICHEN GLACIER. The Siachen Glacier The roots of the conflict over Siachen (the place of roses) lie in the non-demarcations on the western side on the map beyond NJ9842. The 1949 Karachi agreement and the 1972 Simla agreement presumed that it was not feasible for human habitation to survive north of NJ9842. Piror to 1984 neither India nor Pakistan had any permanent presence in the area. The conflict began in 1984 with Indias successful Operation Meghdoot during which it wrested control of the Siachen Glacier (unoccupied and not demarcated area). in 2012 GYARI sector incident it is clear that this dispute is futile and useless to stay there. prisoners : 2007 INDO PAK Judicial committe composed of retired eight Judges from both sides was formed to know numbers of prisoner on both sides . hey invistegated the condition of Jails and prisooners to obtain and facilitate release of prisoner. ln recent past prisoners were swapped from both sides. Visa regime in recent past new visa regime was signed by both countries hich include new visa regime, more concessions have been given to the businessmen from both the countries with giving them multiple entry one y ear visa with the exemption from the Police Report and with increasing the number of cities Group Tourist Visa has been introduced under which a group of 10 to 50 persons will registered tour operators from both the countries. Pilgrim Visa, under the new visa regime, pilgrim visas will be issued to pilgrims intending to visit religious shrines as per the 1974 protocol on visits to religious shrines, or any future revision to the protocol. errorism India claim that their is constant infiltration of militants trained by Pakistani intelligence into kashmir and are involved in mutiny. Mumbai Attacks. nterferance of indian army army,and support to Baloch separatist. there is concerns on both sides HOW TO NORMALISE SITUATION hot lines to remove misunderstanding people to people communication (culture exchange progs,visa relaxation,bus and rail service) trade relation political will, sincerity, ( put hardliners on both siades) constant dailouge and political solution for throny issues like kashmir and terrorisms.

How to Guess Strategically on ACT Math

How to Guess Strategically on ACT Math SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT allows for guessing without penalty (no negative points here!), but how can you turn guessing into the best strategy to maximize your ACT math score? The more you can increase your guessing odds, the better off you’ll be. And we’re here to show you how. We’ll go through when and how to guess strategically on the ACT math section as well as show you examples of how to guess most effectively in action. Refresher on ACT Math Scoring The ACT is a standardized test and is issued multiple times per year to hundreds of thousands of students, all of whom are scored on the same grading structure. What this means is that each ACT must look and feel like every other ACT as much as possible so that the scoring system is evenly balanced. The individual questions may vary, but the patterns in how the test-makers design both the questions and the answer choices will be as similar as possible. With time and practice, you can learn to not only recognize the structural patterns of the ACT math section when you see them, but also use the clues in both the question and the answer choices to help you find theright answer (or at least narrow down your options!). After all, why take a 20% shot of guessing the right answer when you can bump those odds up to 33% or even 50%? In terms of structure, the ACT math section is 60 math questions in 60 minutes. Each and every question will be a multiple choice question with 5 answer choices. Because the test is presented as multiple choice, the right answer will always be there amongst the answer choices, while incorrect answers are usually generated by common student errors. As for how the test is scored, for each multiple choice question, you will get: +1 point for every correct answer and 0 points for every incorrect or blank answer. There is no negative penalty for an incorrect answer. Developing a Target Score Though you will not be penalized for answering a question incorrectly, your overall test-taking strategy is still going to be tremendously influenced by your target score. And these strategies will change as your score goals change. Why does your target score matter if you aren’t penalized for wrong answers? The ACT math section puts the pressure on by putting you on a strict time crunch, which means that many students cannot take as much time per question as they would like to. You may find you cannot even finish the whole test in the time allotted, or that you couldn’t take the time to be as careful on each problem as you had hoped. Because of this, you will have to develop a plan of attack in terms of questions you can answer thoroughly and questions you have to take a guess on. But before you develop your attack plan, you must first figure out your baseline. Take a practice test andcome up with different ways to mark your questionsone mark for questions you don't know how to do, and another mark for questions you're only somewhat confident about. You may even want to create a third marker for questions that youknowhow to do, but will take a long time or will require multiple steps, so must be done carefully to avoid error. This way, you can save them for last (though this is optional). For now, use your best judgment on how to guess the questions you've marked, but do make sure that you can identify which problems were which later. These marks will help you when you go to analyze your answers (and your guessing strategy) in the next section. Lastly, once you're done with the test,check out our guide to developing your ideal target score, based on your current score and your future goals. Remember too that progress doesn't happen all at once. Let yourself celebrate milestones as you improve towards your target, or even adapt your target score based on your trajectory. Guessing Based on Target Score After you find your target curved score, see how that translates to your raw score. How many questions must you answer correctly to get that target score? Keep that number in your head and then focus the majority of your attention on a few more questions than that target. Why? You're leaving yourself room to get a few questions wrong. So if you need a raw score of 40 to reach your goal, focus the majority of your attention on the first 45-48 questions. The questions are grouped in order of ascending difficulty, so your best bet is to concentrate your hardest on this area. Do note that you should answer each and every question on the ACT math section, even if you have to make a random guess. The reason we said that you should â€Å"focus the majority of your attention† on the questions in your target range is because your time and your focus are precious commodities on the ACT. You’re trying to get as many points possible across the board, so your maximum focus should be on your target score range. Once you’ve dedicated your time to the first 35, 40, or 50 questions (whatever your score range may be), you can feel free to guess on the rest of your questions without fear of reprisal. The odds are that you’ll get a few of them right and there are absolutely no consequences. (For more on this, check out our guide on how to stop running out of time on the ACT math section.) So when should you guess and when should you try to answer the problem? Even if a question is in your prime scoring range, the time to guess is when: You have absolutely no idea how to solve the problem You think the question will take too long to go through properly (make a guess now and come back to it later if you have time) You’re running out of time and need to answer several more questions You’re in your â€Å"bonus scoring† zone (aka, not your prime scoring range) Again, remember to mark these different question types. Once you’ve scored your test, look back on the questions you marked. How accurate is your guessing right now? Is there a pattern in your missed guesses? Odds are that you've gotten some of the questions right that you guessed on, but we're looking to increase that accuracy as much as possible. So let’s talk about themost effective guessing strategies for ACT math. Think of your test-taking like a science experimentyou will have your own unique score goals and ways of thinking. As you get more used to working with ACT questions, you'll get better at refining the methods that work best for your unique skill set. ACT Math Guessing Strategies The ACT math section is designed to test how well you’ve learned your math topics and principles and whether you can recognize and figure out how to apply these mathematical concepts to new situations. Most ACT math questions will be fairly straightforward (meaning they are not designed to trick you, even if they are difficult), and each and every math topicon the test is one that you are likely familiar with and have studied for a number of years. This is all to say that you likely have a better understanding of the questions than you may think, even if you don’t know how to actually solve the problem. Often (though not always), a little strategy will allow you to eliminate at least one or two answer choices and make an educated guess. Note: this may seem obvious, but only use your guessing strategies when you don't know how to solve a problem or are not confident about your answer. Guessing often takes a little more time than a straight-solve, so if you know the answer, great! Move on to the next problem. Only stop and take the time to guess if you're stuck. We’ve laid out three of the most important rules of thumb that go into making an educated guess on an ACT math problem. Most of the time you will use a combination of these three techniques on any given problem, so they are less individual strategy than they are a combination of thought processes that you should go through every time you make a guess. So let’s look at all three techniques needed to best make guesses (and when to do so!) on the ACT math section. Guessing Strategy 1: Process of Elimination Being able to eliminate answers onACT questions is arguably a more important skill than even being able to solve questions (or at least equally as important). The entire ACT math section is multiple choice, which is great news for guessing. For every multiple choice question, the right answer is there somewhere. The more you can narrow down your options, the better off you’ll be when you go to make your selection. You don’t even need to know the right answer so long as you know that four of the answers are wrong. If you can eliminate four wrong answers, whatever remains must be correct. Do you know the answer must be a line that slopes up and to the right, even if you don't know where it's supposed to be positioned horizontally? Do you know that the answer must be negative? Even knowing just a tiny bit about the problem or its possible answer will often be enough to eliminate a few answer options. But what if can't eliminate four answer choices and find the final, correct answer? Not to worry! Even if you can only eliminate one answer choice, you’re still better off doing so than taking a shot completely in the dark. Let’s break it down. Eliminating 0 Answer Choices So you’ve come to a question and you can’t eliminate any answer choices at allshould you still guess? Always! There are two scenarios for when you can’t eliminate any answer choicesquestions you’ve looked at but don’t know how to solve, and questions that you haven’t even gotten a chance to look at. For the second scenario, imagine that you’ve just answered question 45 and you’ve got one minute left on the clock. You have no time to even look at the next 15 questions, so you’ve got to just fill in your bubbles and hope that the odds will be in your favor. But no matter what the scenario, if you truly cannot eliminate any answer choice, your best plan of attack will be the same. DON’T pick the most â€Å"tempting† answer or an answer at â€Å"random.† Instead, when guessing without elimination, choose your favorite letterA, B, C, D, or Eand always choose the same letter every time you have to make a blind guess. (Note: A is the same as F, B is the same as G, etc.) Wait, what? There are always five answer options for any given multiple choice question, so the odds of choosing the right answer at random is one-in-five, or 20%. But the catch is that human beings are NOT random. No matter how we try, our attempts at creating randomness will inevitably fail. If you try to make your best attempt at â€Å"randomness,† and guess wildly across the board, you’re more likely to get less than 20% of your guesses right. The best way to achieve randomness is to go in the complete opposite directionpick one letter and stick with it every time. When in doubt, pick your same favorite letter for every question you have to answer blindly, and move on. Eliminating 1 Answer Choice All right, but let’s say you can eliminate one answer choice. How should you guess now? Again, you will always have five total answer options for each question. Now, with one option removed, the odds of us guessing the right answer will be one-in-four, or 25%. And yet, this is still a time to stick with your â€Å"favorite letter† strategy. There are still too many options at play to start jumping around in your guessing strategy, so your best bet is to stick with your previous strategy and guess your same, favorite letter. Unless your designated letter is the answer choice that has been eliminated (in which case, go ahead and pick a backup letter), your best shot of succeeding at the random odds are to guess your same consistent answer choice. Eliminating 2 Answer Choices (Now We’re Getting Somewhere!) You’ve eliminated two answer choices that you know have to be wrong and are down to three possibilities. This is the time to change up your guessing strategy. If you can eliminate two answer choices, the odds are that you know at least a little bit about this kind of math problem. Maybe you’ve only got enough knowledge about exponentsto know that the answer can’t possibly be negative, or enough of an understanding of probabilitiesand fractions to know that the denominator must be even. If you’re familiar enough with the type of math problem that you can eliminate two answer choices, you’re likely to be familiar enough with the problem to make your best guess. A random shot at the answer will get you a one-in-three chance of getting it right, or 33%, and your best guess should put you at those same odds, if not a little higher. But the best way to test your mathematical instincts on problems like these is to look back through your practice test. For any questions where you were down to three, how many times did you guess the correct answer? How many times did you get it wrong? Take a look at your previous patterns. If your odds were less than 33%, it might be time to go back to your â€Å"favorite letter† strategy. Eliminating 3 Answer Choices If you can eliminate three answer choices, you’re in a great place! This will give you a one-in-two shot of choosing the correct answer, or 50%. Go with your gut, do eenie-meenie-miny-mo, or choose the letter you like best. And again, look over your previous guesses of this nature. How often were you right or wrong? Did you guess at 50% odds every time you were able to eliminate three answer choices? Your strategies for guessing and elimination should always be informed by your past performance. When something is working, refine it as best you can. When something isn’t working, alter your approach. Eliminating 4 Answer Choices If you can confidently eliminate four answer options, then celebrate! No need for guessing hereyou’ve found the correct answer. We’ve talked about guessing after you’ve eliminated answers, but how exactly do you go about eliminating answer choices? Let’s take a look. Always adjust your strategies based on how well they're working. If your guesses are netting lower than chance percentage, take a step back and try to find the patterns in how you're working to see what might be going wrong. Guessing Strategy 2: Approximating If you have even a general idea of what the right answer might be (even a ballpark figure will do), you will often be able to eliminate one or two of the most blatant outliers. Though the answer choices are most often generated based on common student errors, there will still generally be answer choices that are way far afield. Do you know that the answer must be positive? Discard anything negative right away. If you’re given the hypotenuse of a triangle, you know that each leg must be less than that given hypotenuse. Discard anything equal to or greater than the hypotenuse. Let’s take a look at this in action. Don’t worry about actually solving the problem, just give yourself enough of a ballpark to see if you can eliminate one or two (or three or four!) answer choices. Our two triangles are in a ratio of 2:5 for all their sides. Now we are looking to compare both their hypotenuses. The smaller triangle has a hypotenuse of 5, which means that the larger triangle must have a hypotenuse that is larger than 5. Already, we can eliminate answer choices F and G, since they are less than 5. Now that leaves us with three answer choices, H, J, and K, which aren't bad odds for guessing, but we can go a little further than this. We know that the ratio is 2:5, which if we know anything about ratios, we know means that the larger side is a little more than double the smaller side. If the smaller hypotenuse is 5, the larger hypotenuse must be a little more than double this. This means that the hypotenuse of the larger triangle must be larger than 10. The only answer choice that is larger than 10 is answer choice K, 12. 5. Though we haven't officially done the work to solve the problem, this is a very good guess, just based on approximation and process of elimination. [Note: the correct answer is, indeed, K, 12.5.] You can also approximate answers on geometric figures on the test. Although the instructions state that "illustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale," they essentially alwaysare. (The exception is those inquestions that ask about what MUST be true, i.e. what you can prove.)If you're attempting a question that asks about side lengths, angle measures, or ratios, you can use the figure to make a ballpark guess about these values. This question is asking about specific values, so we can assume it's toscale. We can, therefore, make our guesses based on the given measurements. In addition, as a general rule of thumb, the correct answer will be "cannot be determined" less than 20% of the time. So it's a good idea to eliminate this answer choice if you don't know how to solve this kind of problem. Always guess one of the values if you are forced to make a guess. So, based on the given hypotenuse measure of 6, and the fact that our drawing is to scale, we can estimate that the measure of CD appears to be about half of that. This means that CD probably measures about 3. Maybe it's little more, maybe a little less, but we can most certainly eliminate answer choices F and G. And, since we already eliminated answer choice K, that leaves us with answer choices H and J. We've got a 50-50 chance, so it's a good time to make a guess. And an educated guess between the two choices would better favor answer choice H rather than answer choice J because it's close to our initial estimate of 3. [Note: the correct answer is, indeed,H, 3.6.] Guessing Strategy 3: Finding the Round Answers and Shortcuts If we remember that the ACT math section is designed so that a student without a calculator can solve every problem, this can inform how we go about both solving our problems and eliminating our answer choices. Not being able to use a calculator limits one’s mathematical possibilities, especially when a time-crunch is involved. For this reason, the ACT tends to favor shortcuts (like triangle shortcuts) and round numbers. If you can eliminate answer choices that would not produce nice, round numbers, you can often find your right answer. Let’s look at this principle in action, We are told that a bag originally contains 18 marbles, and we must find the additional number of marbles to get a 3 5 ratio. Well, a 3 5 ratio of marbles (an object that CANNOT be broken into pieces) means that our new total number of marbles must be divisible by 5 (since 5 is our denominator). This, in turn, means that our total number of marbles must have a units digit of either 0 or 5. For 18 + x to equal a number ending in 0 or 5, x MUST end in either 2 or 7. (e.g., 18 + 2 = 20, or 18 + 17 = 35). We can, therefore, eliminate every answer choice that does NOT end in 2 or 7. In this case, we can eliminate every answer choice except for F. We didn’t even have to know how to solve the problem or walk through the steps. We just knew to look for a round and easy number to work with and found it through process of elimination. [Note: the correct answer is, indeed, F, 12.] Guessing Strategy 4: Avoiding Temptation The test is designed around the statistically average student, and many of the answer choices are generated based on common student errors. Though the ACT is not designed to "trick" you, people have a tendency to fall into predictable thinking patterns, and it’s easy to select wrong answers that the average student falls for again and again if you’re not paying close attention. If you look at a question in the medium or difficult range that you can solve in a second or two, it may just be too good to be true. If an answer choice seems immediately appealing, especially on a difficult question, it might just be a trap. Think about how many other students would have felt the same way on trial tests. Take a moment to really examine the question. Even if you don’t know how to solve it, you might still be able to spot a trap when you see it if you take a second to breathe. Let’s say this is a problem that you have no idea how to go about solving, but you do know a little about averages. If you’re going quickly through the test or you are only thinking about the bare principles of averages, you might think that answer choice C looks awfully tempting. After all, Tom’s starting with a score of 78 and he needs an 80. If he gets an 82, that seems like it will balance out about right...right? Except that this question is number 47 out of 60, which means it is in the "medium-high difficulty" range. 82 is way too tempting of an answer to be correct for this level of difficulty. Even if we don’t know how to solve the question, we can pretty safely eliminate answer choice C. Based off of our basic understanding of averages, we can also safely eliminate answer choices D and E. We might not know how to do weighted averages, but these answer choices seem way too small to raise up our current average of 78 to 80. Without knowing how to solve the problem, we have narrowed down our options to answer choices A and B, which gives us a 50-50 chance of guessing correctly. Not bad at all! [Note: the correct answer is A, 90.] Go you and your awesome, ACT-guessing self! The Take-Aways Though it is very useful to know how to actually solve your ACT math problems, we’ve seen that it is not always necessary. Though you shouldn’t guess on every ACT math question, it can help your scores to guess strategically when you have to do so. Just remember to always use your guessing strategies when you have the chance to look at the problem, and stick with your favorite letter whenever you must make a blind guess. And take a deep breath. You probably know more than you think, and you probably know enough to at least eliminate an answer choice or two, even if you’re feeling overwhelmed. Practice and focus will have you beating the odds and boosting your scores in no time. What’s Next? Still not satisfied with your ACT math scores?Improve your individual ACT math topicskills by working through ourindividual math topic guides. In each guide, we willwalk you through the definitions of each math topic, the formulas you'll need, and how you'll see the questions on the ACT math section. We'll also give you real ACT math problems (and answer explanations) for you to practice your skills on. Been procrastinating on your ACT prep?If you've found yourself in a procrastination rut, check out our guide onhow to stop procrastinatingso you can get back to studying. Aiming for a perfect score? If you're looking to score a perfect 36 on your ACT math section, then look no further than ourguide to getting an 36 on the ACT math, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Spring Summer Fall Winter Spring - Movie Review Example The story is disintegrated into four parts where each part describes seasonality of the earth. These seasons show us how the Korean culture follows a systematic way of doing things. In each part, there is change of events as how the earth’s seasons revolutionize. The change in seasons shows the progressions and developments that occur in the Korean culture. Argumentation of the Movie The season spring is the supreme event that introduces the addressees to the story and takes the reader through the plot. The reader is introduced to an old monk who trains a youthful monk on the ways of Buddhist convictions. Training of the Buddhist convictions makes the reader understand that the Koreans are a religious society. The Koreans are a hard working society because the old monk labors through herding. The youthful monk has a complex time getting these skills because most of the time he is distracted by pleasure in torturing helpless creatures that are in the spring. This shows us that boys in the Korean society engage in mischief behavior like boys in any society. He decides to punish the young monk for his actions, and commands the young monk to tie a stone around his waist so that he can experience the suffering the animals undergo (Ebert 12). Punishing the young monk because of torturing helpless creatures shows us the Koreans like frogs and snakes. ... The Koreans also engage in romantic relationships at their teenage age, this is evident through the attraction of the young monk and the woman. The young woman is suffering from a disease that is not understood and she is brought to the old Buddhist for medications. This reveals that the Korean culture believes in traditional herbs for curing diseases (Ebert 22). The young monk and the woman continue with their intimate relationship and somehow her ailments are cured, these shows that expression of love in the Korean society is a form of medication. A period of fall is introduced to the reader, which is slightly superior to the season autumn. Koreans appreciate art and use it to communicate different messages, this is evidenced by the way the old monk engages in artistic work. He eventually notices a piece of newspaper reporting the killing of a young woman by his alleged lover and this brings a sense of violence in Korean culture. The old monk robotically suggests that the murdering was a due to jealousy of the lover. Korean culture argues that violent acts are associated with the civilized world. Infidelity is evident in the Korean culture because the young monk kills his wife for having an affair with another man. The young adult’s suffering is resultant of his actions, which are making him experience guiltiness. Koreans believes in the spirits because the old monk performs a ritual for purifying the young monk. The old monk tells the young adult to cut Korean characters on a tree with the knife he used in murdering the woman. There is organized law enforcement in Korean society as detectives arrive in the village to arrest the young adult and ferry him to a penitentiary (Ebert

Viper's Den v. Jim Morriston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Viper's Den v. Jim Morriston - Essay Example Unfortunately, the coffee was not wiped out on time because Flash attended to a phone call before cleaning it up. Jim Morriston was just through with his lunch and had taken two beers with it when he saw Flash and ran over to greet him. Jim Morriston did not see the coffee spill on the floor and neither did he see the bright yellow caution sign that warned of the slippery floor. As he was running towards Flash, he slipped and fell very heavily on the floor as a result of the coffee that had spilled on the floor. As he fell on the floor, he tried to support himself with his hands and ended up fracturing his arm in two places. As a result of this incident, Jim Morriston had to undergo surgery and he ended up spending two days in hospital so that he would be treated of the injuries he sustained from the fall. When Jim Morriston returned to Wyoming, he decided to sue Flash for negligence that led to the fall. A statement of the issues to be decided The major issues that need to be decide d include whether or not Flash has to litigate the case in Wyoming. Another major issue is whether Jim Morriston has a legitimate case of negligence over Flash and the Viper’s Den. In the first issue, Jim Morriston has sued Flash in Wyoming for neglect that led to his fall. He has gone to court right after he returned to his area of residence in Wyoming and has claimed the Flash neglected cleaning wiping off the coffee from the floor which resulted to the injuries and distress that he has today. Since the case is already in court in Wyoming, Flash needs to decide whether he has to litigate the case in Wyoming or not. Flash is of the idea that the state courts in Wyoming are not the proper jurisdiction for this particular type of case. He therefore has to decide whether he will proceed to litigate the case in Wyoming or he will challenge that decision made by Jim Morriston to take the case to the state courts at Wyoming. Another issue that needs to be decided is whether Jim Mo rriston has a legitimate case of negligence over Flash and the Viper’s Den. It has to be decided whether Jim Morriston was the one on the wrong for having taken two beers at lunch. It has to be decided whether the beers that Jim Morriston had taken impaired his sight, reasoning and actions to such an extent that he was not able to see the big bright yellow sign. The coffee spill should have been dealt with immediately so as to avoid any unnecessary accidents from occurring. However, had Jim Morriston been in his right state of mind, there would be higher chances that he would have seen the bright yellow sign and take caution to prevent him from falling. These major issues in this case therefore need to be decided in an attempt to resolve the case and come up with viable and legal solutions to the case at hand (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers & Langvardt, p. 340). Legal arguments that Flash can make against the case being litigated at Wyoming Flash can legally argue that if the reporte d incident took place in Bozeman, then Jim Morriston should have sued him in a court in Bozeman and not in Wyoming. Flash can argue that he does not do any business in Wyoming and the case would therefore lack objectivity if it was to be heard there. The state courts at Wyoming are not the proper jurisdiction for this type of case. The incident that is being reported tool place in a completely different

The Travel Expense Billing Controversy Essay Example for Free

The Travel Expense Billing Controversy Essay Neal A. Roberts, an employee of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) found out that his employer was earning millions of dollars a year by way of a billing method that he thought was doubtful. PwC had been collecting large rebates on airline tickets and other travel expenses being charged as expenses to clients of the firm. These rebates were not being returned to the firm’s clients in the form of savings, but the firm was keeping these rebates for it. This was working, because the firm would bill the clients for the full price of airline tickets and other travel-related expense, but privately, the firm negotiated discounts and rebates that they then got at the end of the year based upon total amounts spent. The clients did not know anything of the back-end discounts and rebates the firm was getting; therefore, they were being charged more than the firm’s true out-of-pocket expenses for the items. In October 2001, the firm finally stopped taking airline rebates completely. The company started structuring all discounts as front-end price reductions that would be passed on to the clients. In the professional environment, there are two main areas in which ethical behavior is required. The first point concerns the behavior of the employee at work, in dealing with colleagues, with supervisors and subordinates and also with customers, the second point concerns the behavior of the company itself against its customers, its employees and all others who may are concerned from company. Also you have to distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics. Descriptive ethics is concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. [†¦] It focuses on â€Å"what is† the prevailing set of ethical standards in the business community, specific organizations, or on the part of specific managers. [†¦] Normative ethics is concerned with supplying and justifying a coherent moral system of thinking and judging. [†¦] It deals more with â€Å"what ought to be† or â€Å"what ought not to be† in terms of business practices. Carroll, Buchholtz, 2008:242,243) So it’s rather impossible for a large company such as PwC to adhere to all these ethical values. These values can be quickly lost in the general public, because everywhere, they are trying to make money and advance the business, whether this ethical behavior is observed or ignored. Neal A. Roberts was constantly trying to uncover the corrupt business of the company, because he has a higher ethical consciousness and does not want PwC to get away with its wrong behavior. Identify the ethical issues in this case. There are three ethical issues in this case. Firstly the cheating on customers out of discounts. The firm PwC earns millions of dollars on rebates, which are not being returned to the clients in form of savings, but rather, the firm was keeping these rebates for themselves. The second ethical issue is that PwC is giving false information to the firm’s clients, by telling them a wrong amount for the airline tickets and other travel expenses. The last ethical issue is the cover-up of the firm’s corrupt activity. The company PwC does not tell their clients and their employees about the firm’s illegal behavior. All these ethical issues belong to the organizational level (or firm level). â€Å"[†¦] These issues may carry consequences for the company’s reputation and success in the community and also for the kind of ethical environment or culture that will prevail on a day-to-day basis at the office. In addition, how the issue is handled may have serious organizational consequences† (Carroll, Buchholtz, 2008:289,290). [A] survey conducted by the Ethics Resource Center reveal what managers and employees are up against. † There you can see, that 19 percent of the asked employees mentioned â€Å"lying to employees, customers, vendors, or the public† (Carroll, Buchholtz, 2008:290) is one of the most â€Å"questionable practices that employees today face in their work lives† (Carroll, Buchholtz, 2008:291). Who are the stakeholders and what are their stake s? The Stakeholders in case 14 are the customers, the federal government, the company PwC, the partners in business and the employees. The customer’s stakes are to get the right service for the money they paid, to get good quality and to be treated honest and fair. But in this case the customers are not getting the rebates that they should be rewarded. Furthermore the stakes of the federal government are that the company PwC can pay the taxes and acts legally and ethically. However, the federal government was not only lied to about speculations and regulations, but they were also lied to as the customers themselves. Moreover the stakes of PwC are that they can keep on the market with the other companies, that their employees are motivated nd make a good work, that their company is creditworthy, so in other words liquidity is given, that they have many customers and good conditions for suppliers. The stakes of the partners in business are that they want to know how the competitive company PwC is in the market and how big their market shares are. But the other businesses are getting tarnished. At last the emplo yee’s stakes are to work in a nice working atmosphere, to get fair wages and also to be treated honest and fair. What is your appraisal of the ethics of the travel expense billing practices described in the case? What are the ethical arguments for and against them? My appraisal of the ethics of the travel expense billing practices described in the case is what the company PwC did is wrong, because it is not right and fair. They violate consumer rights, employee rights and shareholder rights by offending against the main ethical principles, such as the â€Å"Respect for Persons†, the â€Å"Principle of Beneficence† and the â€Å"Principle of Justice†. In this connection ‘Respect for Persons’ means that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents and that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. Further the ‘Principle of Beneficence’ indicates that â€Å"persons are treated in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their well-being. [†¦ ]Two general rules have been formulated as complementary expressions of beneficent actions in this sense: (1) do not harm and (2) maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms. As with all hard cases, the different claims covered by the principle of beneficence may come into conflict and force difficult choices. † Moreover the ‘Principle of Justice’ says that â€Å"[†¦] equals ought to be treated equally. † (http://www. stmarys-ca. edu/institutional-review-board/basic-ethical-principles) The company’s behavior meets the basic level of the CSR pyramid, which says â€Å"be profitable†, but on the other side it goes against legal, ethical and philantropical responsibilities. [†¦] In most decisionmaking situations, ethics, economics, and law become the central expectations that must be considered and balanced against each other in the quest to make wise decisions† (Carroll, Buchholtz, 2008:249), but in this case, the company does not obey this rule. PwC only refers to the ethical basis â€Å"be profitable† and ignores the other responsibilities, which makes the whole behavior of the firm illegal and not ethical.

Thomas Moore Lacked Common Sense :: Philosophy Essays

Thomas Moore Lacked Common Sense Moore was a great philosopher. He really deserves a hand for his proof for an external world. Moore did something that no other philosopher had done before or has done since; he successfully proved the existence of an external world. Not only did he prove the existence of an external world in fact, but he also did it rather briefly and with no further resources necessary than his own two hands. Once one is acquainted with Moore’s proof, it becomes evident almost immediately just how much sense Moore’s â€Å"common sense† makes. To start with, in the proof of an external world, Moore sets some goals. These goals are to â€Å"clarify the problem of the existence of external objects† and to â€Å"prove that external objects exist† (Goldstein 2002, handout). Moore goes on to prove these goals with his brilliant proof of his theories. The proof as a whole is actually two proofs, one being a sub-derivation of the other. It is beneficial to the student of philosophy if they attempt these proofs as the study Moore. The requirements for the first proof are two hands, so anyone attempting this proof needs to acquire two hands. Now, one must follow Moore’s proof exactly, saying first â€Å"here is one hand, and here is another,† then gesturing with both hands (Pojman 2003, 53). It is important that these steps be followed precisely; else, Moore’s proof is not reproduced but is instead bastardized. The conclusion, which follows from this premise, is that there are two hands. The second proof begins with these premises: 1. If there are two hands here, there are physical objects. 2. There are two hands here. 3. If there are physical objects, there are external objects. 4. There are physical objects. The conclusion that follows is, â€Å"Therefore, there are external objects,† (Pojman 2003, 53-54). So, there is no possible argument that could break so sound a logic as this, if the premises are true then they must guarantee the truth of the conclusion if this is a valid argument.

Fences: Family and Fence

August Wilson did not name his play, Fences, simply due to the melodramatic actions that take place in the Maxson household, but rather the relationships that bond and break because of the â€Å"fence†. The â€Å"fence† serves as a structural device because the character's lives are constantly changing during the construction of the fence. The dramatic actions in the play strongly depend on the building of the fence in the Maxson’s backyard. Fences represents the metaphorical walls or fences that the main characters are creating around themselves in order to keep people in or vice versa.The title may seem straightforward, but in actuality it is a powerful symbol which can either have positive or negative meanings. The title also describes the entirety of the play. The â€Å"fence† most obviously seen throughout the play portrays protection. Rose creates a personal â€Å"fence† by singing a song seeking protection from whatever is on her way. â€Å" Jesus, be a fence around me every day. Jesus, I want you to protect me as I travel on my way† (21). Also, the fact that Rose wants the fence built adds to the meaning of her character because she sees the fence as something positive and necessary.Bono observes that Rose wants the fence built to hold her family together. â€Å"Some people build fence to keep people in†¦ and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you† (61). The â€Å"fence† is a symbolization of Rose’s love and her desire for a fence which shows that Rose represents love and nurturing. Also, the â€Å"fence† shows Troy protecting himself form Death telling him to come when he’s ready. â€Å"See now†¦ I’m gonna tell you what I’m gonna do. I’m gonna take and build me a fence around this yard. See?I’m gonna build a fence around what belongs to me. And I want you to stay on the other side. You stay over there until you’re ready for me† (77). In vice versa, the â€Å"fence† also portray separation. Troy creates a personal â€Å"fence† that keeps people out by neglecting his two sons which eventually draw away from him and cheating on his wife with a woman named Alberta. Troy's lack of commitment to finishing the fence that Rose wants put up represents his lack of commitment in his marriage. He doesn't understand that Rose wants to keep the family close because he never truly had a close family.He becomes a womanless man. â€Å"From right now†¦ this child got a mother. But you a womanless man† (79). Troy pushes Lyons away by refusing to hear him play his â€Å"Chinese music† (48). He also damages his relationship with his other son, Cory, by preventing him from playing football and rejecting his only chance to get recruited by a college football team. The â€Å"fence† also depicts that Troy is disowning Cory when they get into an argument and Troy kicks him out on to the streets. Troy states that Cory’s things will be on â€Å"the other side of that fence† (89).As a result, Troy ends up driving everybody away just like his father. The â€Å"fence† acts like a physical divider between the Maxson’s household and the outside world because Troy doesn’t bring anything others would normally have into his house and Rose does not want any outsider intruding her family. The play, Fences, in conclusion acquires many interpretations of the â€Å"fence† that is mentioned variously. Despite there only being one physical fence, it represents many figurative fences throughout the play. The â€Å"fence† is signified as having both positive and negative connotations. Fences: Family and Fence August Wilson did not name his play, Fences, simply due to the melodramatic actions that take place in the Maxson household, but rather the relationships that bond and break because of the â€Å"fence†. The â€Å"fence† serves as a structural device because the character's lives are constantly changing during the construction of the fence. The dramatic actions in the play strongly depend on the building of the fence in the Maxson’s backyard. Fences represents the metaphorical walls or fences that the main characters are creating around themselves in order to keep people in or vice versa.The title may seem straightforward, but in actuality it is a powerful symbol which can either have positive or negative meanings. The title also describes the entirety of the play. The â€Å"fence† most obviously seen throughout the play portrays protection. Rose creates a personal â€Å"fence† by singing a song seeking protection from whatever is on her way. â€Å" Jesus, be a fence around me every day. Jesus, I want you to protect me as I travel on my way† (21). Also, the fact that Rose wants the fence built adds to the meaning of her character because she sees the fence as something positive and necessary.Bono observes that Rose wants the fence built to hold her family together. â€Å"Some people build fence to keep people in†¦ and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you† (61). The â€Å"fence† is a symbolization of Rose’s love and her desire for a fence which shows that Rose represents love and nurturing. Also, the â€Å"fence† shows Troy protecting himself form Death telling him to come when he’s ready. â€Å"See now†¦ I’m gonna tell you what I’m gonna do. I’m gonna take and build me a fence around this yard. See?I’m gonna build a fence around what belongs to me. And I want you to stay on the other side. You stay over there until you’re ready for me† (77). In vice versa, the â€Å"fence† also portray separation. Troy creates a personal â€Å"fence† that keeps people out by neglecting his two sons which eventually draw away from him and cheating on his wife with a woman named Alberta. Troy's lack of commitment to finishing the fence that Rose wants put up represents his lack of commitment in his marriage. He doesn't understand that Rose wants to keep the family close because he never truly had a close family.He becomes a womanless man. â€Å"From right now†¦ this child got a mother. But you a womanless man† (79). Troy pushes Lyons away by refusing to hear him play his â€Å"Chinese music† (48). He also damages his relationship with his other son, Cory, by preventing him from playing football and rejecting his only chance to get recruited by a college football team. The â€Å"fence† also depicts that Troy is disowning Cory when they get into an argument and Troy kicks him out on to the streets. Troy states that Cory’s things will be on â€Å"the other side of that fence† (89).As a result, Troy ends up driving everybody away just like his father. The â€Å"fence† acts like a physical divider between the Maxson’s household and the outside world because Troy doesn’t bring anything others would normally have into his house and Rose does not want any outsider intruding her family. The play, Fences, in conclusion acquires many interpretations of the â€Å"fence† that is mentioned variously. Despite there only being one physical fence, it represents many figurative fences throughout the play. The â€Å"fence† is signified as having both positive and negative connotations.

Inventory Management Essay

Companies must predict which products customers will purchase along with determining what quantity of goods will be purchased. The company will in turn produce enough products to meet the forecast demand and sell, or push, the goods to the consumer. Advantages : The company is fairly assured it will have enough product on hand to complete customer orders. This prevents the inability to meet customer demand for the product. Disadvantages : If too much product is left in inventory, it increases the company’s costs for storing these goods. An example of a push system is Materials Requirements Planning, or MRP. MRP combines the calculations for financial, operations and logistics planning. It is a computer-based information system which controls scheduling and ordering. Its purpose is to make sure raw goods and materials needed for production are available when they are needed. Pull System The pull inventory control system begins with a customer’s order. With this strategy, companies only make enough products to fulfil customer’s orders. Advantages : There will be no excess of inventory that needs to be stored, thus reducing inventory levels and the cost of carrying and storing goods. Disadvantages : It is highly possible to run into ordering dilemmas, such as a supplier not being able to get a shipment out on time. This leaves the company unable to fulfil the order and contributes to customer dissatisfaction. An example of a pull inventory control system is the just-in-time, or JIT system. The goal is to keep inventory levels to a minimum by only having enough inventory, not more or less, to meet customer demand. The JIT system eliminates waste by reducing the amount of storage space needed for inventory and the costs of storing goods. Push-Pull System Some companies have come up with a strategy they call the push-pull inventory control system, which combines the best of both the push and pull strategies. Push-pull is also known as lean inventory strategy. It demands a more accurate forecast of sales and adjusts inventory levels based upon actual sale of goods. The goal is stabilization of the supply chain and the reduction of product shortages which can cause customers to go elsewhere to make their purchases. With the push-pull inventory control system, planners use sophisticated systems to develop guidelines for addressing short – and long-term production needs . List atleast eight performance measures for warehouse management A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods. A warehouse management system, or WMS, is a key part of the supply chain and primarily aims to control the movement and storage of materials within a warehouse and process the associated transactions. The following activities are common in an y warehouse: a)Receiving b) Put-away c) Order picking d) Storage e) Shipping The eight performance measures for warehouse management are : 1. Service Level : Shipment Service Level (% of Lines shipped on time) Service Level (% of inbound lines put away within time limit) 2. Space: % of space occupied vs. % accessibility Warehouse capacity use rate % = No. of palets stored in warehouse / warehouse capacity in palets no. 3. Inventory: Inventory turnover ratio Inventory Accuracy 4. Productivity: Productivity (Measured in terms of lines picked per hour worked) Number of SKUs picked per hour 5. Quality: Quality in terms of errors per thousand lines shipped. Errors in dispatches Ware housing discrepancies = Products lost value (at cost) / total products shipped value (at cost) 6. Cost: Cost of warehouse operations Storage cost per item Cost of picking per order Cost of shipping per order 7. Cycle Time: Time taken to process a receipt. Time taken for each put-away. Inventory days on hand. Order Pick cycle time per order. Shipping time 8. Utilization: Receiving Dock door utilization % Utilization % of labour and equipment % Location and cube occupied Picking labour and equipment utilization % Utilization of shipping docks in % . What features would make an ideal supplier? Timely delivery: A good supplier is someone who keeps up to timely delivery of goods and supplies. Delayed supplies leads to business losses to the immediate customer and in turn delayed delivery to the end customer. This also opens up avenues for other secondary systems like buffer inventories to keep the chain going in addition to increasing overall costs. Competitive price: Business owners and suppliers add the cost of purchasing materials for a product into its retail price making it costlier. A reduction in this cost will lead to a reduction in the cost of the product as well. Quality: Quality is a very important aspect in determining a good supplier. Providing ultimate customer value is an important objective of business. Minimal paper work: From the placing of an order to the actual buying of an order involves a ton of paper work. A good supplier will find ways of reducing the amount of paper work involved. Quick response/ turn around time: The world of business is highly unstable, and often the gap between demand and supply can be hard to predict. A good supplier will always be prepared to meet such a contingency. Again a frequent and smaller quantity of supplies is the key to eliminating this gap. Inspection of goods: Inspection of goods is a time consuming activity for both the supplier and the buyer. However quality assurance of the goods can again reduce the time spent on inspecting the goods. Taking care of wear and tear and transport damage: Transportation and delivery often involves a lot of wear and tear and a good supplier is someone who recognizes these limitations and takes proactive steps to help reduce or avoid the damage involved. Constant frequency of delivery: If a supplier can keep to supplying goods at constant and smaller frequencies, then the cost advantage is supplemented. Meaning, if a product or part is found to be defective, then the time spent in replacing it is minimal as opposed to having to replace a whole carton or shipment of that item since the delivery is frequent and the supply chain is actively functioning. This is not only cost effective but is also a time and space saver.

Punctuation Marks as Transitional Signposts

Punctuation Marks as Transitional Signposts Punctuation Marks as Transitional Signposts Punctuation Marks as Transitional Signposts By Mark Nichol Punctuation is a support system to enhance the organizational flow of a sentence. Often, it also provides transitional cues, and for clarity, it’s important to make that distinction by using specific punctuation marks. Here are three sentences improved by choosing the correct punctuation from various alternatives. 1. She has seen this happen before, several times in fact. When a sentence takes an abrupt turn in syntactical flow, as here, the sturdy em dash (usually called simply a dash) should be called in to strengthen the transition; a comma is also required between the primary modifying phrase â€Å"several times† and â€Å"in fact,† which in turn modifies the previous phrase: â€Å"She has seen this happen before- several times, in fact.† (Using a dash in place of what is now the first of two commas also clarifies to the reader that the dash represents a more significant transition than the weaker comma does.) 2. The country has benefited from an influx of young workers- namely undocumented immigrants. Here, a dash correctly signals an abrupt transition, but the sentence displays the common error of failing to punctuate after the adverb namely. (The equivalent phrases â€Å"that is to say† and â€Å"to wit† would be supplied with a comma, so for consistency, namely should also.) In this case, a comma would be correct in place of the dash, but as in the previous example, the dash sends a message that it represents the more significant of two punctuation marks: â€Å"The country has benefited from an influx of young workers- namely, undocumented immigrants.† 3. He’s sending a message by his actions is what he’s doing. A grammatically flawed statement such as this should never be published unless the writer is reporting a direct quotation, and even then, the idea can be expressed in a paraphrase. Instead of â€Å"‘He’s sending a message by his actions is what he’s doing,’ said Smith,† the writer can report, â€Å"Smith said that, by his actions, Jones is sending a message.† (A careful speaker would render the sentence more print friendly by saying, â€Å"What he’s doing by his actions is sending a message,† but reporters should not correct the grammar of those they interview.) If the quotation must be published verbatim, insert a comma before â€Å"is what he’s doing† to indicate that this is a tacked-on addendum to the main clause: â€Å"He’s sending a message by his actions, is what he’s doing.† Technically, a stronger punctuation mark such as a semicolon or a dash is called for, to suggest that the second part of the sentence is a truncation of an independent clause (â€Å"that is what he is doing†), but these marks seem intrusive; a comma is a more subtle marker of a change in the sentence’s syntactical structure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†How to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsHow often is "bimonthly"?

Americans Spend Over 100 Hours a Year Commuting

Americans Spend Over 100 Hours a Year Commuting At a nationwide average one-way drive-time of about 25.5 minutes, Americans spend more than 100 hours a year commuting to work, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Yes, thats more than the average two weeks of vacation time (80 hours) taken by many workers during a year. This number has increased by over a minute in 10 years. â€Å"This annual information on commuters and their work trips and other transportation-related data will help local, regional and state agencies maintain, improve, plan and develop the nation’s transportation systems,† said Census Bureau Director Louis Kincannon in a press release. â€Å"American Community Survey data will provide valuable assistance to agencies offering housing, education and other public services as well.† Data has been released through 2013. Compare this with the federal governments estimate of computing the hourly rate based on working 2,080 hours per year. Spending 100 hours commuting adds a significant amount of unpaid time to the work day of the American worker. Map of Commute Times You can find the average commute time for most communities in the U.S. with a map based on the U.S. Census Bureau data provided by WNYC. The color-coded map shades commute times from white for zero minutes to deep purple for more than an hour. If you are deciding on where to move, the map can give you interesting information on your commute times. The data released for 2013 showed that only 4.3 percent of workers had no commute because they worked from home. Meanwhile, 8.1 percent had commutes of 60 minutes or more. A quarter of commuters cross county lines going to and from work. Maryland and New York have the highest average commute times while North Dakota and South Dakota have the lowest. Megacommutes Almost 600,000 American workers have megacommutes of at least 90 minutes and 50 miles. They are more likely to carpool than those with shorter commutes, but that number is still only 39.9 percent. Carpooling in general has declined since the year 2000. However, not all of them are driving as 11.8 percent take rail and 11.2 percent take other forms of public transportation. Long commutes are highest for those in the state of New York at 16.2 percent, Maryland (14.8 percent), and New Jersey (14.6 percent). Three-quarters of megacommuters are male and they are more likely to be older, married, make a higher income, and have a spouse who doesnt work. They often depart for work before 6 a.m. Alternate Commutes Those who take public transit, walk, or bike to work still make up a small part of the total. That overall number hasnt changed much since 2000, although the segments of it have. There has been a slight increase in those who take public transit, with 5.2 percent in 2013 compared with 4.7 percent in 2000. There was a dip in those who walk to work by one-tenth of a percent and growth in those who bike by two-tenths of a percent. But those numbers are still small at 2.8 percent walking to work and 0.6 percent biking to work. Sources: Megacommuters. U.S. Census Bureau Release Number: CB13-41. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2013.

Summarize chapter 23 and 24 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summarize chapter 23 and 24 - Essay Example Finally, the chapter also delved into a discussion of safety procedures required during aircraft taxiing, parking and towing, among others. The aim of the chapter was to enhance awareness on ground operations to prevent accidents and ensure safety through effective flight line operations. Chapter 24 delved into a discussion of airports and heliports by first indicating three diverse scenarios: being a tenant, owning one, or using diverse airports or heliports, for that matter. The aim is to provide a comprehensive presentation of safety precautions and guidelines for safety managers, regardless of the kind of ownership. Learning begins with the airport certification manual and emergency plan. Differentiating criteria for airports and heliports were likewise presented. A great deal of spaces were accorded to contain relevant information detailing airport and heliport safety inspection subjects which make safety managers equipped in identifying safety programs, contents of manuals, required reporting, emergency plans, equipment, and fuel handling. It indicated that more information could be sourced from the Federal Aviation Administration, as required. The article written by Andrew Smolenski published in Examiner.com indicated the Federal Aviation Administration’ s (FAA) new ruling on improving relevant policies to prevent the increased helicopter accidents. The full press release from the FAA revealed that: â€Å"the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) today proposed broad new rules for helicopter operators, including air ambulances, which, if finalized, would require stricter flight rules and procedures, improved communications and training, and additional on-board safety equipment† (Smolenski, 1). It can be deduced that the relevance of insuring compliance to safety requirements as stipulated in manuals and emergency plans must be adhered to, as indicated in the course modules on ground operations

Introduction to Executive Tools for Decision Making Essay

Introduction to Executive Tools for Decision Making - Essay Example However, Ford Automotive has invested on its operating activities more than what McDonald’s is spending. This shows that the company is looking forward to growth. The financial data showed that the three companies are doing well in terms of net income and cash flow in 2009 as compared to 2008. Although, Ford Automotive has experienced a negative income for two years in 2008 and 2007, it has returned to profitability by the end of 2009. Bank of America, on the other hand, experienced a decline in profit for 2008. This may be due to the financial crisis in the country. Bank of America receives a grade of A because of its high profitability and liquidity. It means that investor’s money put up in the firm is safe and earning. McDonald’s got a grade of B for sustaining a profitable business. However, there is less growth in term of net income for the past years. Ford Automotive receives a grade of C because the company experienced a negative net income and the growth of the company is